The TCM3221PBA is a 1.44-megapixel CMOS image sensor manufactured by Toshiba Corporation. It delivers a 1376 × 1048 pixel array with a 2.8 µm pixel pitch, providing efficient photon collection at each photosite. The optical format spans a 4.843 mm diagonal with a 172:131 aspect ratio, in the 1/4-inch class found in compact embedded vision modules. With 2.8 µm pixels, the sensor features very fine pixel pitch targeting maximum spatial resolution in microscopy and metrology systems.